Leaded stained glass

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Contents 1 Material Analysis 1.1 Traditional uses 1.2 Emerging uses 1.3 Finish and aesthetic qualities 1.4 Surface forms/shapes 1.5 Cost 2 Material properties 2.1 Primary structural use 2.2 Material performances 2.3 Dimensional and opening restriction 2.4 Acoustic property 2.5 Manufacturing and assembly process 3 Environmental impact 3.1 LEED 4 Life Safety & Rating Standards 5 References 5.1 Notes 5.2 Student contributions 6 See also 6.1 Similar materials 6.2 Building references 7 External links 7.1 Additional resources 7.2 Leading maunfacturers

Material Analysis

MasterFormat Number:

Traditional uses

• Windows in churches, residences, public buildings
• 3 dimensional works such as lighting fixtures or sculptures

Emerging uses

• Decorative panels
• Room dividers

Finish and aesthetic qualities

• Semi opaque or opaque
• Diffuse light transmission
• May be iridescent or opalescent

Surface forms/shapes

• flat
• sculptural

Cost

• flat panels (windows, doorlights, sidelites) may begin at $250 per square foot
• cost varies greatly

Material properties

Primary structural use

• none

Material performances

• durable and dense
• varying degrees of transparency

Dimensional and opening restriction

• dimensions of stained glass panels are based upon the templates that are created and are individually determined by the design

Acoustic property

• Poor acoustical dampening ability

Manufacturing and assembly process

• Stained glass is glass that has been colored by adding metallic oxides to the glass while it is in a molten state in a clay pot over a furnace
• The metallic oxides within the glass capture specific portions from the spectrum of white light allowing the human eye to see various colors
• Opalescent glass, patented in 1880 by John La Farge, is created by fusing more than one color of glass during manufacturing
• Favrile glass, patented by Louis Tiffany, has an iridescent quality obtained by using a variation of the opalescent glass manufacturing process
• Cylinder glass, crown glass, table glass/cathedral glass, and flash glass are types of stained glass produced by various manufacturing methods
• Create a template of the window opening that the glass is to fit
• Draw a full size mechanical drawing,(a cartoon) from the preliminary sketch for every "light" (opening) of the window
• The cartoon is then divided into a patchwork as a template for each small glass piece. The exact position of the lead which holds the glass in place is part of the calculated visual effect
• Each piece of glass is selected for the desired color and cut to match a section of the template. An exact fit is ensured by grozing the edges with a tool which can nibble off small pieces
• Details can be painted onto the inner surface of the glass with pigments designed for stained glass, then kiln fired to assure permanency
• Pieces are joined with H-shaped strips of lead "came"
• A soldering iron heated to 1000-1200 degrees F is used to melt the came and solder at the intersections on the interior and exterior surfaces
• To weatherproof and stiffen the panel, a mastic is inserted between the glass and the flange of the lead cames on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the panel
• To cure, panels should be stored on a flat surface for a minimum of two weeks prior to installation
• To strengthen and support the window panel, reinforcing bars are fastened to the frame into which the panel is installed
• Panels may be installed into wood, aluminum, steel, bronze or stone frames
• Frame must be capable of supporting stained glass weighing approximately 4 pounds per square foot
• Larger areas should be sub-divided into panels of approximately 14 linear perimeter feet
• A non-acetic gas-forming or neutral-cure glazing sealant is recommended
• Frames or sash must include a glazing rebate that measures 3/8" to 1/2" wide by 3/8" to 1/2" deep and allows the panel of stained glass to engage into the frame or sash a minimum of 1/4"

Environmental impact

• Gold painted stained glass windows in medieval churches have been found to purify the air when heated by the sun. The gold paint in the windows consists of gold nanoparticles of different sizes. When energized by the sun, the electrons in the gold nanoparticles become very active. When the electromagnetic field of the sunlight couples with the electrons' oscillations, it creates a resonance. This reaction can increase the nanoparticles' magnetic field strength by up to 100 times, enough to break apart pollutant molecules in the air.^[1]

LEED

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Life Safety & Rating Standards

References

Notes

1. ↑ http://inventorspot.com/articles/gold_stained_glass_windows_purify_air_17206

Student contributions

Mary Ellen Sullivan, Spring 2010

See also

Similar materials

Building references

External links

Additional resources

• http://www.hammstudios.com/
• http://www.kog.com/
• http://www.powellbrosglassart.com/
• http://www.stainedglass.org

Leading maunfacturers

• http://www.hammstudios.com/
• http://www.kog.com/
• http://www.powellbrosglassart.com/