Softwood
From MaterialProject.org, the free architectural material catalog
Contents |
Material analysis
MasterFormat Number: 06 05 00
Softwoods are those extracted from coniferous trees (trees with needles and usually evergreen). These types of trees generally grow in areas with a mild climate and ample rainfall. Some species of softwood trees are: Fir, Spruce, Cedar, Redwoods, Larch, Hemlock, Cypress (a deciduous conifer), Yew, and Whitewood.
Traditional uses
- Softwood is most often used in structural building components.
Emerging uses / trends
- Pine & Spruce – Standard Framing
- Fir, Cedar, Redwood – Structural Beams
- Cedar, Redwood (good for exterior because it is water resistant) - Siding & Shingles
- Pine - Early American Country Style furniture
Finish and aesthetic qualities
- Softwoods are broken down into two categories: Select & No. 2 Common.
- No. 2 Common grade allows tight, solid knots in the face of the board.
- Select grade is free from most knots, though tight pin knots and small resin pockets are allowed.
- Select grade most often chosen for furniture applications.
- Can be Stained, painted or left untreated.
Surface forms / shapes
Cost analysis
Softwood is generally less expensive than other wood varieties, as it grows straighter and taller and does not need age.
Material properties
Primary structural use
- 30% stronger in compression vs. tension
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Material performance
- Softwoods tend to shrink and expand depending on weather. This is caused by its high porosity.
- Softwood has a tendency to warp and bow, and narrow boards can spring
- Wood is an excellent thermal insulator. This is an important characteristic since good thermal insulators help keep buildings cool in the summer and reduce heating costs in the winter. The conduction of heat in wood is directly related to its density. Woods with low density have the highest thermal insulating value because such woods contain a high proportion of cell cavities.
Acoustic property
- An important acoustic property of wood is its ability to dampen vibrations. Softwoods have a cellular network of minute interlocking pores which converts sound energy into heat by frictional and viscoelastic resistance.
Manufacturing process and assembly
Environment and Life Safety
Environmental impact
Flammability rating
- 69 (Class II) - Redwood
Coefficient of friction
References
Notes
Student contributions
- Erin Dudley, Spring 2008
- Seth Novick, Spring 2005
See also
Similar materials
Building references
External links
Additional resources
Leading manufacturers
- Woods of the World Inc. Panel Source International
- General Woods & Veneers Ltd.
- North American Wood Products.
